In CNC machining, tool parameters and machining processes directly determine product accuracy and production efficiency. However, the wide range of complex parameters often makes them difficult to remember and easy to confuse.

This well-organized parameter collection covers three core modules: commonly used cutting tools, machining processes, and general machining rules. All parameters from the screenshots have been converted into clear tables with no omissions, making them easy to read and reference.

It is highly recommended for engineers and CNC operators to save this as a practical reference for daily use.

1. Core Tool Parameter Tables

1.1 End Mill Parameter Table — For Straight Wall Machining

Tool Spec	Tool Holder Model	Holder Diameter (mm)	Flutes	Tool Diameter (mm)	Tool Length (mm)	Clearance Distance (mm)	Cutting Edge Length (mm)	Max Machining Depth (mm)	Accuracy	Recommended Use	Remarks
E15.5	WALTER	16	4	15.5	150	80	55	80	-0.02	Copper electrode tool library, steel machining	Reground cutter, used instead of E16R0 four-flute carbide cutter
E12	STM	12	4	12	75	50	22	50	-0.02	Copper electrode tool library, steel machining	Modified cutter
E12	Diamond	12	4	12	90	55	55	40	-0.02	Finishing	No cutter temporarily available, modified cutter
E10	Diamond	10	4	10	90	50	40	50	-0.02	Steel machining	Modified cutter
E10	STM	10	4	10	64	35	20	35	-0.02	Steel machining	Modified cutter
E32	Pinding	32	–	32	200	100	110	110	-0.02	Steel machining	Welded type
E25	Zhonghang	25	4	25	200	110	70	110	-0.02	Steel machining	Welded type, modified cutter
E20	Zhonghang	20	4	20	175	90	60	90	-0.02	Steel machining	Welded type, modified cutter
E20	STK	20	4	20	145	100	70	100	-0.02	Copper electrode tool library	Welded type, high-speed steel, modified cutter
E10	STK	10	2	10	70	40	25	40	-0.02	Steel machining	High-speed steel, modified cutter
E8	STK	8	2	8	65	35	20	35	-0.02	Steel machining	High-speed steel, modified cutter
E6	STK	6	2	6	60	30	15	30	-0.02	Steel machining	High-speed steel, modified cutter
E20	HITACHI	20	4	20	150	80	60	80	-0.02	Graphite machining	Graphite cutter; can replace E16 graphite cutter when stock is unavailable
E16	HITACHI	16	4	16	150	80	60	80	-0.02	Graphite tool library	Graphite cutter
E12	OSG	12	2	12	75	22	22	22	-0.02	Copper finishing cutter, root cleaning	High-speed cutter, for high-speed machining center
E12	Kobelco	12	2	12	75	22	22	22	-0.02	Copper finishing cutter, root cleaning	High-speed cutter, for high-speed machining center
E10	OSG	10	2	10	70	22	22	22	-0.02	Copper finishing cutter, root cleaning	High-speed cutter, for high-speed machining center
E8	OSG	8	2	8	60	16	16	16	-0.02	Copper finishing cutter, root cleaning	High-speed cutter, for high-speed machining center
E6	OSG	6	2	6	50	13	13	13	-0.02	Copper finishing cutter, root cleaning	High-speed cutter, for high-speed machining center

1.2 Ball Cutter Parameter Table — General / High-Speed Machining

Tool Spec	Tool Type	Machining Type	Accuracy	Cutting Depth Aa (mm)	Cutting Width Ar (mm)	Spindle Speed S (rev/min)	Feed F (mm/min)	Tool Life (min)	Remarks
B16R8	Ball fly cutter	Roughing, CAMTOOL	-0.03	0.35	0.35	2000	1000	90	Not used for roughing
B16R8	Ball fly cutter	Semi-finishing	-0.03	0.56	0.56	3200	1400	90	–
B16R8	Ball fly cutter	Finishing	-0.03	0.8	0.8	3200	1400	120	–
B16R8	Ball fly cutter	Finishing, clearance surface	-0.03	1.13	1.13	3200	1400	120	–
B16R8	Ball fly cutter	High-speed machining, roughing	-0.03	0.35	0.35	4500	2000	–	–
B16R8	Ball fly cutter	High-speed machining, finishing	-0.03	0.8	0.8	8000	3500	–	–
B16R8	Xiongjie ball cutter	Finishing	–	0.35	0.35	9000	4000	–	–
B16R8	Xiongjie ball cutter	Finishing, clearance surface	–	1.13	1.13	9000	4000	–	–
B16R8	Seco ball cutter	Roughing	–	0.35	0.35	6600	1450	60	–
B16R8	Seco ball cutter	Finishing	–	1.13	1.13	11700	2300	180	–

1.3 Fly Cutter Parameter Table — By Material and Tool Length

Tool Spec	Machine Type	Workpiece Material	Tool Length Range (mm)	Machining Stage	Cutting Depth Aa (mm)	Cutting Width Ar (mm)	Spindle Speed S (rev/min)	Feed F (mm/min)	Tool Life (min)	Remarks
E80R8	Standard machine	General mold steel S55C, 45#	170	Roughing	1.2	50	1000	1800	480	Tool length 170
E80R8	Standard machine	General mold steel S55C, 45#	170	Semi-finishing	0.5	32	1000	400	480	–
E80R8	Standard machine	Quenched and tempered steel, 30＜HRC＜38	170	Roughing	1	50	1000	1600	480	–
E80R8	Standard machine	Quenched and tempered steel, 30＜HRC＜38	170	Semi-finishing	0.5	32	1000	400	480	–
E63R8	Standard machine	General mold steel S55C, 45#	＜200	Roughing	1.2	38	1200	2400	600	–
E63R8	Standard machine	General mold steel S55C, 45#	＜200	Semi-finishing	0.3	0.5	1400	1600	600	–
E63R8	Standard machine	General mold steel S55C, 45#	＜200	Finishing	0.2	23.5	1200	500	600	–
E63R8	Standard machine	Quenched and tempered steel, 30＜HRC＜38	＜200	Roughing	1	38	1000	1800	480	–
E63R8	Standard machine	Quenched and tempered steel, 30＜HRC＜38	＜200	Finishing	0.2	23.5	1200	500	600	–
E63R6	Standard machine	General mold steel S55C, 45#	＜200	Roughing	1.2	40	1200	2400	600	–
E63R6	Standard machine	General mold steel S55C, 45#	＜200	Semi-finishing	0.3	0.5	1400	1600	600	–
E63R6	Standard machine	General mold steel S55C, 45#	＜200	Finishing	0.2	25.5	1200	500	600	–
E52R6	Standard machine	General mold steel S55C, 45#	260–350	Roughing	1	20	1150	2400	360	–
E52R6	Standard machine	General mold steel S55C, 45#	260–350	Semi-finishing	0.3	32.5	1400	1600	360	–
E52R6	Standard machine	General mold steel S55C, 45#	260–350	Finishing	0.2	0.5	1400	500	360	–
E21R2	High-speed machine	Quenched and tempered steel, 30＜HRC＜38	–	Roughing	0.5	10.5	3000	6000	–	Toshiba high-efficiency roughing tool
E16R1	Xiongjie fly cutter	High-speed machine	Quenched and tempered steel, 30＜HRC＜38	–	Roughing	0.2	8	8000	3000	–
E16R1	Xiongjie fly cutter	High-speed machine	Quenched and tempered steel, 30＜HRC＜38	–	Finishing	0.2	0.2	8000	1500	–

1.4 Common Standard Drill Specification Table

Drill Size (mm)	Drillable Depth (mm)	Shank Specification	Remarks
Φ1	–	–	Spot drill
Φ1.5	–	–	Spot drill
Φ2	–	–	Spot drill / ejector pin hole
Φ2.5	–	–	M3 tap drill
Φ3	9	–	Ejector pin hole
Φ3.3	–	–	M4 tap drill
Φ3.8	–	–	Φ4 ejector pin hole
Φ4	10.5	–	–
Φ4.2	–	–	M5 tap drill
Φ4.8	–	–	Φ5 ejector pin hole
Φ5	–	–	M6 tap drill
Φ5.5	–	–	–
Φ6	–	–	–
Φ6.7	–	–	M8 tap drill
Φ6.8	–	–	–
Φ7	–	–	Ejector pin hole
Φ7.8	–	–	–
Φ8	7	–	20 spring clearance hole
Φ8.5	7.5	–	M10 tap drill
Φ8.8	8	–	Φ9 ejector pin hole
Φ9	8.8	–	30 spring clearance hole
Φ9.8	–	–	Φ10 ejector pin hole
Φ10	9.8	–	40 spring clearance hole
Φ10.2	–	–	M12 tap drill
Φ11	11	–	–
Φ11.8	11.8	–	–
Φ12	12	–	Ejector pin hole / sprue bushing hole
Φ13	13	–	–
Φ14	15	–	M16 tap drill
Φ15.875	15.875	–	–
Φ17.5	–	–	M20 tap drill
Φ19.7	19.7	–	Sprue bushing hole
Φ20	–	–	25 spring clearance hole
Φ21	–	–	–
Φ26	–	–	30 spring clearance hole
Φ30	–	–	–
Φ32	–	–	–
Φ42	–	–	–
Φ52	–	–	50 spring clearance hole
Φ62	–	–	60 spring clearance hole

1.5 Standard Thread Tap Drill Parameter Table

Standard Thread	Tap Drill Diameter (mm)	Fine Thread	Tap Drill Diameter (mm)	Pipe Thread	Tap Drill Diameter (mm)	Tap Drill Depth (mm)
M3×0.5	2.5	–	–	1/8″	8.5	10
M4×0.7	3.3	–	–	1/4″	11.5	12
M5×0.8	4.2	–	–	2/8″	–	15
M6×1	5	–	–	1/2″	–	17
M8×1.25	6.7	–	–	3/4″	–	20
M10×1.5	8.5	M10×1.25	8.7	–	–	25
M12×1.75	10.2	M12×1.25	10.7	–	–	25
M16×2	14	M16×1.5	14.5	–	–	30
M20×2.5	17.5	M20×1.5	18.5	–	–	40
M24×3	20.8	M24×1.5	22.5	–	–	–
M30×3.5	26.2	M30×1.5	28.5	–	–	31.7
M36×4	–	–	–	–	–	–
M42×4.5	37.2	–	–	–	–	–
M48×5	42.6	–	–	–	–	–

1.6 Gun Drill Parameter Table — By Material Hardness

Gun Drill Diameter (mm)	Material Hardness ≤24 HRC: Speed S (rev/min)	Feed F (mm/min)	Material Hardness 24–32 HRC: Speed S (rev/min)	Feed F (mm/min)	Material Hardness 33–42 HRC: Speed S (rev/min)	Feed F (mm/min)
Φ3	4000–4200	30–45	4000–4200	27–35	3800–4000	25–30
Φ4	3600–4000	45–55	3600–3800	35–45	3500–3700	30–40
Φ5	3000–3200	55–65	2700–2900	30–40	2800–3000	30–40
Φ6	2600–2800	66–70	2400–2600	45–65	2300–2500	30–40
Φ7	2400–2600	65–85	2200–2400	45–70	2000–2200	30–45
Φ8	2100–2300	75–95	2000–2200	50–75	1800–2000	30–45
Φ9	1900–2100	75–110	1800–2000	50–80	1600–1800	30–50
Φ10	1700–1900	80–120	1500–1700	50–85	1300–1500	30–50
Φ12	1400–1600	70–110	1300–1500	45–65	1100–1300	30–45
Φ15	1200–1300	50–60	1100–1250	30–45	1000–1100	30–40
Φ20	1000–1100	30–45	900–1000	30–40	800–900	24–30
Φ25	700–750	25–35	600–700	20–30	500–600	15–20
Φ30	500–550	20–30	400–450	16–25	350–400	12–18

1.7 Boring Tool Parameter Table

1.7.1 Fine Boring Cutter Parameters

Tool Name	Diameter D (mm)	Number of Inserts	R Angle	Total Length L (mm)	Effective Length L1 (mm)	Max Cutting Depth Z (mm)	Best Cutting Allowance (mm)	Spindle Speed S (rev/min)	Cutting Feed F (mm/min)	Hard Material Machining Ratio
Fine boring cutter	40	1	0.2	250	170	–	0.2–0.3	750–950	110–140	60–80%
Fine boring cutter	42	1	0.2	320	170	–	0.2–0.3	750–950	110–140	60–80%
Fine boring cutter	48	1	0.2	320	180	–	0.2–0.3	600–850	100–130	60–80%
Fine boring cutter	50	1	0.2	320	180	–	0.2–0.3	600–850	100–130	60–80%
Fine boring cutter	55	1	0.2	320	180	–	0.2–0.3	600–850	100–130	60–80%
Fine boring cutter	60	1	0.2	320	180	–	0.2–0.3	600–850	100–130	60–80%
Fine boring cutter	70–100	1	0.2	380	260	–	0.2–0.3	600–600	130–150	60–80%
Fine boring cutter	100–150	1	0.2	380	260	–	0.2–0.4	400–600	80–100	60–80%

1.7.2 Facing Cutter Parameters

Tool Name	Diameter D (mm)	Number of Inserts	R Angle	Total Length L (mm)	Effective Length L1 (mm)	Entry Amount Z (mm)	Spindle Speed S (rev/min)	Cutting Feed F (mm/min)	Reserved Amount (mm)	Hard Material Machining Ratio
Facing cutter	20	3	0.4	–	8.5	–	700–900	80–100	–	60–80%
Facing cutter	25	3	0.4	–	8.5	–	700–900	80–100	–	60–80%
Facing cutter	30	3	0.4	–	8.5	–	600–750	100–110	–	60–80%
Facing cutter	35	3	0.4	–	8.5	–	600–750	100–110	–	60–80%
Facing cutter	40	3	0.4	–	10.5	–	600–750	100–110	–	60–80%
Facing cutter	42	3	0.4	–	10.5	–	600–750	100–110	–	60–80%
Facing cutter	48	3	0.4	–	10.5	–	600–750	100–110	–	60–80%
Facing cutter	50	3	0.4	–	12.5	–	600–750	100–110	–	60–80%
Tap-hole facing cutter	20	–	–	60	–	–	800–1200	80–120	–	60–80%
Tap-hole facing cutter	24	–	–	60	–	–	800–1200	80–120	–	60–80%
Water-port cutter	28	–	–	25	–	–	1000–1500	100–150	–	60–80%
Water-port cutter	30	–	–	25	–	–	1000–1500	100–150	–	60–80%
Water-port cutter	30	–	–	28	–	–	1000–1500	100–150	–	60–80%

1.8 Tap Speed and Feed Parameter Table

Outside Diameter (mm)	Standard Thread	Tap Speed (rev/min)	Tap Feed (mm/rev)	Feed Speed (mm/min)
4	M4×0.7	311.5	0.7	445
5	M5×0.8	425	0.8	340
6	M6×1	425	1	425
8	M8×1.25	400	1.25	500
10	M10×1.5	400	1.5	600
12	M12×1.75	400	1.75	700
16	M16×2	300	2	600
20	M20×2.5	220	2.5	550
24	M24×3	150	3	450
30	M30×3.5	100	3.5	350

2. Key Machining Process Parameter Tables

2.1 Rib Slot Machining Parameter Table

Tool Type	Tool Spec (mm)	Angle	Spindle Speed S (rev/min)	Feed F (mm/min)	Cutting Depth ap (mm)	Rib Slot Width Aa (mm)	Effective Length (mm)
HITACHI RIB	Φ1	0.5°, 1°	13000	300	0.03–0.05	–	5, 8, 12
HITACHI RIB	Φ1.2	0.5°, 1°	10000	300	0.03–0.05	–	6, 10, 16
HITACHI RIB	Φ1.5	0.5°, 1°	8500	340	0.03–0.08	–	8, 12, 20
HITACHI RIB	Φ2	0.5°, 1°	6400	400	0.05–0.15	–	12, 20, 25
HITACHI EPRI	Φ0.5	0.5°, 1°	16000	320	0.01–0.02	–	4, 6
HITACHI EPRI	Φ0.8	0.5°, 1°	16000	480	0.01–0.03	–	6, 8, 10
HITACHI EPRI	Φ1	0.5°, 1°	16000	640	0.03–0.05	–	6, 10, 16
HITACHI EPRI	Φ1.5	0.5°, 1°	13000	800	0.03–0.08	–	10, 16, 20
HITACHI EPRI	Φ2	0.5°, 1°	10000	800	0.05–0.15	–	10, 16, 20
TTK	Φ0.5	0.5°	20000	360	0.01–0.025	–	4, 6
TTK	Φ0.5	1°	20000	360	0.01–0.025	–	4, 6
TTK	Φ0.6	0.5°	20000	430	0.012–0.03	–	4, 6
TTK	Φ0.6	1°	20000	430	0.012–0.03	–	4, 6
TTK	Φ0.8	0.5°	20000	580	0.016–0.04	–	6, 8, 10
TTK	Φ0.8	1°	20000	580	0.016–0.04	–	6, 8, 10
TTK	Φ0.8	2°	20000	580	0.016–0.04	–	6, 10
TTK	Φ1	0.5°	19000	680	0.02–0.05	–	12
TTK	Φ1	1°	19000	680	0.02–0.05	–	12
TTK	Φ1	2°	19000	680	0.02–0.05	–	12
TTK	Φ1.2	0.5°	15500	680	0.024–0.06	–	10, 16
TTK	Φ1.2	1°	15500	680	0.024–0.06	–	10, 16
TTK	Φ1.5	0.5°	12500	680	0.03–0.075	–	20
TTK	Φ1.5	1°	12500	680	0.03–0.075	–	20
TTK	Φ1.5	2°	12500	680	0.03–0.075	–	20
TTK	Φ2	0.5°	11500	680	0.032–0.08	–	12, 20
TTK	Φ2	1°	11500	680	0.032–0.08	–	12, 20
TTK	Φ2	2°	11500	680	0.032–0.08	–	12, 20

2.2 Runner Machining Parameter Table — Standard Machine + High-Speed Machine

No.	Tool Spec	Machining Method	Standard Machine Speed S (rev/min)	Standard Machine Feed F (mm/min)	Standard Machine Cutting Depth Aa (mm)	High-Speed Machine Speed S (rev/min)	High-Speed Machine Feed F (mm/min)	High-Speed Machine Cutting Depth Aa (mm)	Remarks
1	Φ3R1.5	Roughing	3200	600	0.08	12000	800	0.08	Carbide cutter
1	Φ3R1.5	Finishing	3200	200	0.08	12000	200	0.08	Carbide cutter
2	Φ4R2	Roughing	3200	800	0.08	10000	1000	0.08	Carbide cutter
2	Φ4R2	Finishing	3200	300	0.08	10000	300	0.08	Carbide cutter
3	Φ6R3	Roughing	2600	1000	0.1	13000	3000	0.1	Carbide cutter
3	Φ6R3	Finishing	2600	400	0.1	10000	400	0.1	Carbide cutter
4	Φ8R4	Roughing	2200	1000	0.1	10000	2000	0.1	Carbide cutter
4	Φ8R4	Finishing	2200	500	0.1	8000	500	0.1	Carbide cutter
5	Φ10R5	Roughing	1800	1000	0.15	9500	2000	0.15	Carbide cutter
5	Φ10R5	Finishing	1800	600	0.1	5000	600	0.1	Carbide cutter
6	Φ12R6	Roughing	1800	1000	0.15	6850	2200	0.15	Carbide cutter
6	Φ12R6	Finishing	1800	600	0.1	5000	600	0.1	Carbide cutter

2.3 Plunge Milling Parameter Table

Tool Spec	Lateral Spacing — Narrow Side (mm)	Lateral Spacing — Profile Side (mm)	Spindle Speed S (rev/min)	Feed F (mm/min)	Tool Path Method	Semi-Finishing Allowance (mm)	Finishing Allowance (mm)	Remarks
E63	1.2	0.8	1400	1800	One-way tool path	0.1	–	–
E52	1.2	0.8	1400	1800	One-way tool path	0.1	–	–
E26	0.8	0.5	2000	2600	One-way tool path	0.1	–	–
E21	0.8	0.5	1800	3000	One-way tool path	0.1	–	–
E16	0.6	0.4	1600	3600	One-way tool path	0.1	–	–

2.4 Copper Electrode Machining Parameter Table

Tool Spec	Machining Stage	Cutting Depth Aa (mm)	Cutting Width Ar / Allowance (mm)	Spindle Speed S (rev/min)	Feed F (mm/min)	Remarks
Φ26	Roughing	22	0.3, 3R	3500	3000	Process plate
Φ26	Finishing	22	–	5000	5000	Process plate
Φ16(2)	Roughing	12	0.5, 3R	4000	4000	–
Φ16(2)	Finishing	12	–	6000	6000	–
Φ12(2)	Roughing	8.4	0.5	7500	5000	–
Φ12(2)	Finishing	8.4	0.1, side cutting	8000	3000	–
Φ12(4)	Roughing	18	0.3, side cutting	4000	1000	–
Φ12(4)	Finishing	18	0.2	4000	600	–
Φ6	Roughing	6, flat surface	0.2, standard	3000	1500	–
Φ6	Finishing	6, flat surface	–	8000	3000	–
Φ4	Roughing	4.2	0.2	8000	1800	–
Φ4	Finishing	4.2	–	10000	2000	–
Φ3	Roughing	3	0.2	10000	1500	–
Φ3	Finishing	3	0.15	12000	1600	–
Φ1.5	Roughing	1.5	0.1	14000	1500	–
Φ1.5	Finishing	1.5	–	14000	1200	–
Φ8(2)	Roughing	5.6	0.3	8000	3500	–
Φ8(2)	Finishing	5.6	0.2	8000	2000	–
Φ15.5(4)	Roughing	50	400, 3R	1400	800	Process plate
Φ15.5(4)	Finishing	50	0.1	2000	3000	Process plate
Φ16R8	Roughing	1.1	1.1 / 0.02	4000	3000	–
Φ16R8	Semi-finishing	0.8	0.8 / 0.01	4000	3000	–
Φ16R8	Finishing	0.7	0.7 / 0.008	4000	3000	–
Φ16R8	Fine repair	0.55	0.55 / 0.005	4000	2500	–
Φ16R8	Fine repair	0.45	0.45 / 0.003	4000	2500	–
Φ16R8	Fine repair	0.35	0.35 / 0.002	4000	2000	–

2.5 Graphite Machining Parameter Table

Tool Spec	Machining Stage	Cutting Depth Aa (mm)	Cutting Width Ar / Allowance (mm)	Spindle Speed S (rev/min)	Feed F (mm/min)	Remarks
Φ26R0.8	Roughing	20	2	3000	5000	–
Φ26R0.8	Finishing	20	0.3	3500	4000	–
Φ20 four-flute	Roughing	16	0.2, side cutting	1200	800	–
Φ16 two-flute	Roughing	10	0.3, bottom cutting	3000	1500	–
Φ16 two-flute	Semi-finishing	10	2, roughing	3000	1500	–
Φ16 two-flute	Finishing	10	–	5000	5000	–
Φ10	Roughing	5	0.5	8000	2500	–
Φ10	Finishing	5	–	8000	3000	–
Φ6	Roughing	3	0.5	12000	3000	–
Φ6	Finishing	3	0.2	10000	3000	–
Φ3	Roughing	1	0.3	12000	2000	–
Φ3	Finishing	1	0.15	15000	2600	–
Φ1.5	Roughing	0.75	0.5	15000	1500	–
Φ1.5	Finishing	0.75	0.1	18000	1800	–
Φ16R8	Roughing	1.1	1.1 / 0.02	4000	4000	–
Φ16R8	Semi-finishing	0.8	0.8 / 0.01	4000	4000	–
Φ16R8	Finishing	0.7	0.7 / 0.008	4000	4000	–
Φ16R8	Fine repair	0.55	0.55 / 0.005	4000	3200	–
Φ16R8	Fine repair	0.45	0.45 / 0.003	4000	3200	–
Φ16R8	Fine repair	0.35	0.35 / 0.002	4000	2600	–

3. General Rules for Tool Use

The original material also includes general rules for tool length adjustment, tool clamping length, and cutting parameter calculation formulas .

3.1 Tool Length and Machining Parameter Adjustment

Tool Length / Tool Diameter Ratio (l/d)	Spindle Speed S Ratio	Feed Rate F Ratio	Cutting Width Ar Ratio
1–5×	100%	100%	100%
6×	70%	70%	70%
7×	60%	60%	60%
8–10×	50%	50%	50%

3.2 Tool Clamping Length Requirement

No.	Tool Diameter (mm)	Minimum Clamping Length	Remarks
1	Φ20–Φ32	≥2D	Clamping length refers to the length inside the collet
2	Φ10–Φ20	≥3D	–
3	Φ5–Φ10	≥3.5D	–
4	Φ3–Φ5	≥5D	–

3.3 Common Cutting Parameter Calculation Formulas

Parameter Type	Formula	Description
Cutting speed	Ve = π × Dc × N / 1000 m/min	Dc is the cutting position diameter of the tool; N is spindle speed. Refer to tool supplier recommendations.
Spindle speed	N = Ve × 1000 / π × Dc rpm	–
Feed speed	Vf = fz × N × Zn mm/min	fz is feed per tooth; Zn is the number of tool teeth. Refer to tool supplier recommendations.
Material removal rate	Q = ap × ae × Vf / 1000 cm³	ap is axial cutting depth; ae is radial cutting depth. Refer to tool supplier recommendations.
Effective cutting diameter of ball cutter	De = 2ap(Dc² – ap²)	ap is cutting depth; Dc is tool diameter.

3.4 Machining Center Drilling Requirements

CNC Group	Requirement
Standard CNC group	When drilling, the drill diameter should not exceed 18 mm. When enlarging holes, the maximum size should not exceed 28 mm.
High-speed CNC group	When drilling, the drill diameter should not exceed 8 mm. When enlarging holes, the maximum size should not exceed 13 mm.
Unbalanced milling cutter	Tool length should not exceed 120 mm from the collet sleeve.

4. Electrode Tool Library and Tool Length Parameters

4.1 Graphite Tool Library Configuration Table

Tool No.	Specification	Type	Tool Shank Diameter (mm)	Tool Diameter (mm)	Tool Length (mm)	Flutes	Tool A (mm)	Extension L (mm)	Edge Length H (mm)	Tool Life (min)	Remarks
T1	E26R0.8	Fly cutter	140	140	90	2	100	140	90	500	Roughing
T2	–	Spare tool	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
T3	E20	Carbide cutter	20	110	60	4	75	110	60	300	Copper finishing cutter
T4	E16	Graphite cutter	–	110	55	2	55	110	55	500	Roughing
T5	E10	Graphite cutter	75	55	50	2	100	75	50	400	Roughing
T6	E6	Graphite cutter	6	50	30	2	100	50	30	300	Roughing
T7	E3	Graphite cutter	6	25	3	4	30	25	3	300	Roughing
T8	E1.5	Groove cutter	4	20	10	2	100	20	10	250	Roughing
T9	B16R8	Graphite cutter	115	60	75	4	100	115	60	360	Finishing
T10	B10R5	Graphite cutter	–	40	100	2	300	80	40	300	Roughing
T11	B6R3	Graphite cutter	6	30	40	2	300	55	30	300	Roughing
T12	B3R1.5	Graphite cutter	3	17	25	2	300	25	17	300	Roughing
T13	E8	Graphite cutter	8	35	100	4	300	65	35	300	Roughing
T14	B10R0.5	Groove cutter	20	8	100	2	120	25	8	120	Roughing
T15	E12	Graphite cutter	12	40	100	4	400	80	40	400	Copper finishing cutter

4.2 Electrode Tool Length Parameter Table

Tool Holder Name	Total Length (mm)	Tool Diameter (mm)	Roughing Tool Setting Amount — Graphite / Copper (mm)	Finishing Tool Setting Amount (mm)	Reference Machining Depth — Graphite / Copper (mm)	Remarks
–	150	Φ16	1 / 0.8	0.3	120 / 120	–
–	100 / 150	Φ12	0.8–1.5 / 0.5	0.3	80 / 70	–
–	100	Φ10	0.8–1.5 / 0.5	0.3	80 / 70	–
–	75 / 100	Φ8	0.8 / 0.4	0.3	60 / 50	–
–	75 / 100	Φ6	0.5 / 0.4	0.2	50 / 40	–
–	35 / 30	Φ4	0.3 / 0.3	0.2	45 / 60	4 tool holders
–	45	Φ3	0.2 / 0.2	0.15	30 / 25	–
–	–	Φ2	0.2 / 0.2	0.1	20 / 15	4 tool holders
–	–	Φ1	0.15 / 0.1	0.1	– / 15	4 tool holders
–	100 / 150	Φ12R6	0.3	0.3	80	–
–	100	Φ10R5	0.3	0.3	80	–
–	75 / 100	Φ8R4	0.3	0.3	–	–

5.Final Notes

CNC machining parameters are often considered the “lifeline” of the machining process. They directly determine machining quality, production efficiency, and overall production cost.

Properly matched spindle speed, feed rate, and cutting depth can ensure dimensional accuracy and surface finish while protecting the tool and reducing wear. If the parameters are set incorrectly, the result may be scrapped workpieces, broken tools, machine damage, and unnecessary losses.

Therefore, optimizing machining parameters is essential for efficient, high-quality, and low-cost production. It is also a direct reflection of process engineering capability.

Special note: All parameters above are general industry references only. In actual production, they should be flexibly adjusted according to machine model, tool material, workpiece material, machining condition, and specific application requirements.

Our CNC Machining Approach at Cast Mold

At Cast Mold, CNC machining is not treated as an isolated process. It is part of our complete manufacturing workflow.

For aluminum and zinc alloy die casting projects, we combine:

DFM review
Mold design
Moldflow analysis
Die casting mold manufacturing
CNC machining
EDM machining
Surface finishing
Sample inspection
Mass production support

This helps us control quality from design to final delivery.

Whether the project is a die casting mold, aluminum die casting part, zinc alloy component, or precision industrial part, we focus on stable machining quality, reasonable process planning, and practical manufacturability.